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Direction, evidence grade, and study type are AI-generated labels (gpt-5-mini), not human-verified. Syntheses are LLM-written. "Tensions" are machine-detected candidates, not confirmed contradictions. A research-acceleration tool, not peer review. How this is built →

Evidence (7560 claims)

Search and filter individual claims pulled from the papers. Looking for a specific finding ("what's the effect on wages?"), you're in the right place. Want to compare whole outcome categories against each other instead? Use the Evidence Explorer.

The board below groups claims two ways: by broad theme (nine paper-level topics) and by outcome category (the 34 claim-level outcomes that the Explorer and Syntheses also use).

Browse by theme

Nine broad, paper-level topics. Click one to filter the claims below.

Adoption
9875 claims
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Productivity
8807 claims
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Governance
7870 claims
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Human-AI Collaboration
7560 claims
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Org Design
4892 claims
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Innovation
4781 claims
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Labor Markets
4004 claims
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Skills & Training
3308 claims
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Inequality
2332 claims
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Claims by outcome category

Counts by direction of finding. These are the same 34 outcome categories the Explorer compares and the Syntheses are written for. A linked row has a published synthesis.

Outcome Positive Negative Mixed Null Total
Other 870 233 116 1066 2363
Governance & Regulation 976 451 218 133 1809
Organizational Efficiency 949 224 144 88 1416
Technology Adoption Rate 764 287 141 122 1325
Research Productivity 501 152 74 362 1101
Output Quality 542 216 69 69 896
Decision Quality 387 198 94 54 740
Firm Productivity 513 67 101 27 714
AI Safety & Ethics 249 303 73 36 667
Market Structure 190 192 134 27 548
Task Allocation 243 77 91 36 452
Innovation Output 291 33 55 20 401
Skill Acquisition 206 72 65 21 364
Employment Level 133 63 115 22 335
Fiscal & Macroeconomic 153 79 52 32 323
Task Completion Time 206 37 12 15 272
Firm Revenue 179 52 29 5 266
Consumer Welfare 130 76 47 13 266
Inequality Measures 48 137 51 6 242
Worker Satisfaction 101 81 25 13 220
Error Rate 84 110 11 5 210
Wages & Compensation 98 47 30 10 185
Regulatory Compliance 88 73 17 7 185
Automation Exposure 66 64 33 16 182
Team Performance 105 29 30 11 176
Training Effectiveness 109 22 14 21 168
Developer Productivity 114 21 14 8 158
Job Displacement 12 90 24 1 127
Hiring & Recruitment 57 9 9 5 80
Skill Obsolescence 6 56 9 1 72
Social Protection 43 17 8 2 70
Creative Output 35 21 9 4 70
Labor Share of Income 18 21 17 1 57
Worker Turnover 15 16 — 4 35
Industry — — — 1 1
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Existing research has clear gaps: limited evidence from developing-country contexts, insufficient attention to within-occupation heterogeneity, incomplete accounts of psychological mechanisms underlying AI anxiety, and a shortage of rigorous evaluations of reskilling policy effectiveness.
Author's assessment based on the reviewed literature identifying thematic gaps and methodological limitations (critical literature review).
high null result From Technological Substitution to Institutional Response: A... completeness and scope of existing research (research gaps)
An exploratory evaluation compared unstructured vibe coding, structured prompt engineering, and the Shift-Up approach in the development of a web application.
Paper reports an exploratory evaluation / comparative study described in the abstract; the task context is a web application development exercise comparing three approaches (no sample size reported in abstract).
high null result Shift-Up: A Framework for Software Engineering Guardrails in... comparative evaluation of development approaches
The First Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economics assumes that welfare-bearing agents are autonomous and implicitly relies on a binary distinction between autonomy and instrumentality.
Explicit statement in the paper's introduction/abstract describing the theorem's assumptions; conceptual/theoretical textual analysis (no empirical sample).
high null result Post-AGI Economies: Autonomy and the First Fundamental Theor... assumption about welfare-bearing agents (autonomy vs instrumentality)
We evaluate structural validity, semantic alignment, reproducibility, and refinement effort to characterize authoring scalability.
Reported evaluation dimensions in the paper; implies empirical assessments were performed along these axes (details not provided in the abstract).
high null result Developing Models of Procedural Skills using an AI-assisted ... structural validity; semantic alignment; reproducibility; refinement effort
Hierarchical regression analysis and bootstrapping methods were employed for empirical testing.
Methods section explicitly states use of hierarchical regression and bootstrapping for empirical tests on the survey data.
high null result How does human-AI collaboration task complexity affect emplo... statistical methods
The study used a three-wave longitudinal survey design collecting matched data from 497 employees.
Methods section states a three-wave longitudinal survey and reports matched data from 497 employees.
high null result How does human-AI collaboration task complexity affect emplo... study design / data collection
We evaluate 20 state-of-the-art LLMs on their ability to predict empirically supported causal directions.
Experimental evaluation: 20 LLMs tested on the benchmark (10,490 triplets, including 1,056 contested instances) to predict empirically verified causal signs.
high null result Ideological Bias in LLMs' Economic Causal Reasoning model accuracy at predicting empirically verified causal directions
From 10,490 causal triplets (treatment-outcome pairs with empirically verified effect directions) derived from top-tier economics and finance journals, we identify 1,056 ideology-contested instances.
Construction/extension of the EconCausal benchmark by selecting 10,490 causal triplets from top-tier economics and finance journals and labeling 1,056 as ideology-contested (intervention- vs market-oriented divergence).
high null result Ideological Bias in LLMs' Economic Causal Reasoning dataset_counts (number of causal triplets and contested instances)
The paper contributes by sharpening the concept of management accounting decision quality, distinguishing GenAI from broader digital transformation, and offering a cautious process model grounded in documentary case evidence from leading Chinese manufacturers.
Author-stated contribution in the paper: conceptual refinement and process model based on the three-case documentary analysis.
high null result Research on the Impact of Generative AI on the Quality of Ma... conceptual clarity / theoretical contribution
Because the evidence is drawn primarily from external disclosures rather than direct internal observation, the claims should be read as interpretive analytical inferences rather than as definitive causal proof.
Author's own limitation statement about data sources (external corporate disclosures) and inferential scope.
high null result Research on the Impact of Generative AI on the Quality of Ma... strength/causal status of inferences
The study adopts an interpretive multiple-case design and analyzes three major Chinese manufacturing firms - Midea Group, Haier Smart Home, and Dongfang Electric - using official annual and semi-annual reports, corporate disclosures, and recent AI-and-accounting literature.
Explicit methodological statement in the paper: interpretive multiple-case design; data sources listed as official annual and semi-annual reports, corporate disclosures, and literature; sample consists of three named firms.
high null result Research on the Impact of Generative AI on the Quality of Ma... study design / sample description
This is an exploratory and qualitative state-of-practice study grounded in over 30 interviews across four stakeholder groups (large enterprises, small/medium firms, AI developers, and CAD/CAM/CAE vendors).
Methodological statement in the paper describing study design and sample composition.
high null result Agentic AI in Engineering and Manufacturing: Industry Perspe... study design/sample composition
Key breakthroughs needed include integration with traditional engineering tools and data types, robust verification frameworks, and improved spatial and physical reasoning.
Interviewee-identified requirements compiled from over 30 interviews; stakeholders repeatedly pinpoint integration, verification, and spatial/physical reasoning as priority technical advances.
high null result Agentic AI in Engineering and Manufacturing: Industry Perspe... technical capabilities and integrations needed for broader deployment
We conduct a controlled experiment where AI agents trade in a prediction market after receiving private signals, measuring information aggregation by the log error of the last price.
Statement of experimental design and measurement approach in the paper: laboratory-style controlled experiment, private signals given to agents, log error of last price used to quantify aggregation.
high null result Information Aggregation with AI Agents methodological description (log error of last price used as aggregation metric)
Allowing strategic prompting does not affect information aggregation.
Experimental manipulation that included strategic prompting of AI agents prior to trading; aggregation measured by log error of last price; observed no effect.
high null result Information Aggregation with AI Agents information aggregation (log error of the last price)
Changing the initial price does not affect information aggregation.
Experimental condition varying the initial market price and measuring resulting aggregation performance (log error of last price); reported no effect.
high null result Information Aggregation with AI Agents information aggregation (log error of the last price)
Changing the duration of the market does not affect information aggregation.
Experimental manipulation of market duration in the trading experiment; measured aggregation (log error of last price) across durations and found no effect.
high null result Information Aggregation with AI Agents information aggregation (log error of the last price)
Allowing cheap talk communication does not affect information aggregation.
Experimental condition comparing markets with and without cheap talk communication; aggregation measured by log error of the last price; reported no effect.
high null result Information Aggregation with AI Agents information aggregation (log error of the last price)
As AI reduces the costs of ideation, synthesis, and search, the central bottlenecks of science increasingly shift toward coordination, adjudication, validation, and adaptive steering.
Argumentative/trend claim presented in the paper as motivation for PIM; no empirical time-series or quantitative analysis provided in the paper itself.
high null result Probabilistic Innovation Methodology: A Scientific Methodolo... relative importance of scientific bottlenecks (ideation vs coordination/adjudica...
The paper formalises crowdsourced R&D and hackathon-type architectures as operational search forms and links these to Causal Problem Modelling (CPM) and the Causal Theoretical Twin Architecture (CTTA).
Conceptual mapping and theoretical linkage between existing crowdsourcing/hackathon models and CPM/CTTA within the PIM framework (theoretical exposition; no empirical mapping or measurement reported).
high null result Probabilistic Innovation Methodology: A Scientific Methodolo... formal correspondence between crowdsourced/hackathon architectures and CPM/CTTA ...
PIM proceeds through causal problem decomposition, distributed search, real-time evidential updating, contribution traceability, staged validation, and dynamic reprioritisation of candidate solution pathways.
Procedural description of the PIM methodology and its constituent stages in the paper (methodological/theoretical exposition; no experimental implementation reported).
high null result Probabilistic Innovation Methodology: A Scientific Methodolo... operational steps/process flow of PIM
PIM is designed for problem spaces characterised by causal heterogeneity, partial observability, nonlinear interaction, long feedback delays, and distributed expertise.
Methodological design specification within the paper describing the target problem-space features for which PIM is intended (conceptual specification; no empirical testing).
high null result Probabilistic Innovation Methodology: A Scientific Methodolo... suitability of PIM for specified problem-space characteristics
This paper formalises extensions of crowdsourced R&D and hackathon-based research into a general methodology called Probabilistic Innovation Methodology (PIM).
The paper presents a conceptual/theoretical formalisation and names the resulting methodology PIM (no empirical study or sample reported).
high null result Probabilistic Innovation Methodology: A Scientific Methodolo... existence and formal definition of PIM as a methodology
The paper includes a companion video demonstrating the approach: https://youtu.be/55Q3lq1fINs.
Statement in paper providing link to companion video.
high null result Multi-Cycle Spatio-Temporal Adaptation in Human-Robot Teamin... existence of demonstration video
The physical robot scenario used a 7-DOF robot arm to validate the approach.
Experimental setup description in paper specifying hardware used (7-DOF robot arm).
high null result Multi-Cycle Spatio-Temporal Adaptation in Human-Robot Teamin... hardware demonstration (robot used)
Prior research typically considers task-level and motion-level adaptation in isolation (task-level methods ignore spatial interference; motion-level methods ignore broader task context).
Literature summary/related work section asserting the separation of prior task-level and motion-level approaches.
high null result Multi-Cycle Spatio-Temporal Adaptation in Human-Robot Teamin... scope of prior methods (task-level vs motion-level focus)
RAPIDDS models an individual's spatial behavior (motion paths) and temporal behavior (time required to complete tasks) over multiple cycles.
Description of modeling approach in the paper (method details describing spatial and temporal individual models over multi-cycle interactions).
high null result Multi-Cycle Spatio-Temporal Adaptation in Human-Robot Teamin... individual spatial and temporal behavior modeling
This paper introduces RAPIDDS, a framework that unifies task-level and motion-level adaptation for human-robot teaming.
Methodological contribution described in paper (framework design and implementation).
high null result Multi-Cycle Spatio-Temporal Adaptation in Human-Robot Teamin... ability to perform joint task-and-motion adaptation (framework existence/functio...
This study proposes a framework for evaluating platform ecosystems by their long-term effects on human capital formation and institutional resilience.
Methodological contribution claimed by the paper (development of an evaluative framework); presented as part of the paper's contributions rather than an empirical finding.
high null result When Platforms Replace the Pipeline: AI, Labor Erosion, and ... existence of a proposed evaluative framework (methodological output)
A shift-share design finds no detectable effect of early adoption on worker-reported technology-related task restructuring.
Causal-style shift-share analysis using the 2024 EWCS exposure measures to estimate effects of early generative AI adoption on worker-reported changes in technology-related task content; sample >36,600 workers; result reported as no detectable effect.
high null result Generative AI at Work: From Exposure to Adoption across 35 E... worker-reported technology-related task restructuring (task content changes)
We compare multiple state-of-the-art agents (e.g., GPT-4o, Llama 3, Qwen2) on metrics assessing tool selection accuracy, faithfulness, and hallucination.
Paper lists evaluated models (GPT-4o, Llama 3, Qwen2) and reports evaluation on metrics including tool selection accuracy, faithfulness, and hallucination across the benchmark.
high null result Time Series Augmented Generation for Financial Applications tool selection accuracy, faithfulness, hallucination
Our benchmark consists of 100 financial questions.
Paper explicitly states the benchmark contains 100 financial questions.
high null result Time Series Augmented Generation for Financial Applications benchmark size (number of questions)
Under three scenarios (optimistic: 2028-2035; base: 2035-2045; pessimistic: 2045-2060), we specify disconfirmation criteria that would weaken the thesis if observed.
Scenario analysis and specification of disconfirmation criteria by the authors; methodological claim about forecasting structure rather than empirical result.
high null result The Instrumental Dissolution of Typing: Why AI Challenges th... timing of transition/adoption scenarios and falsification criteria
Converging evidence from history, philosophy, neuroscience, technology, organizational studies, and cultural analysis supports this thesis.
Authors' multidisciplinary literature review and synthesis across the named fields (method: qualitative review); no single empirical dataset or sample size given.
high null result The Instrumental Dissolution of Typing: Why AI Challenges th... strength of multidisciplinary support for the thesis
We introduce 'instrumental dissolution' -- loss of institutional-default status while persisting in specialist niches.
Conceptual/theoretical contribution defined by the authors and illustrated via cross-disciplinary examples; no empirical validation sample reported.
high null result The Instrumental Dissolution of Typing: Why AI Challenges th... change in institutional-default status of a technology
Typing's dominance was instrumental, not cognitively necessary.
Argumentative/historical analysis presented in the paper; synthesis of historical and philosophical literature (no empirical sample or experiment reported).
high null result The Instrumental Dissolution of Typing: Why AI Challenges th... instrumental status of keyboard in knowledge work
We conducted an in-the-wild evaluation with over 2,200 individuals from heterogeneous organisations and roles in 116 countries, via log analysis, surveys, and 20 interviews.
Reported evaluation methods and sample in the paper's abstract: log analysis, surveys, and 20 interviews with over 2,200 participants across 116 countries.
high null result Learning from AVA: Early Lessons from a Curated and Trustwor... evaluation sample and methods
Participants were retested individually on the programming tasks after a retention interval of one week.
Statement in abstract describing follow-up retest procedure (one-week retention interval, individual retest).
high null result Fast and Forgettable: A Controlled Study of Novices' Perform... retest performance after one-week retention interval
Participants were incentivized by bonus compensation to balance performance with understanding.
Paper description of participant incentives in methods/abstract; compensation scheme used during experiment.
high null result Fast and Forgettable: A Controlled Study of Novices' Perform... incentive structure (bonus compensation)
We conducted a controlled pair programming study with 22 participants who wrote Python code under time pressure in teams of two and individually with GitHub Copilot for 20 minutes each.
Statement of study design in the paper's methods/abstract; controlled pair programming experiment with 22 participants, 20-minute tasks in both conditions (human teammate and Copilot).
high null result Fast and Forgettable: A Controlled Study of Novices' Perform... study design / experimental conditions (teams of two vs individual with Copilot;...
In both popular and academic press, concerns are often expressed that AI threatens not only people’s livelihoods but also the meaning they derive from their work.
Observational/literature-commentary claim made in the paper's abstract; references to discourse in popular and academic press (no empirical study or sample reported).
high null result Is artificial intelligence a threat to meaningful work and l... concerns about threat to livelihoods and meaning derived from work (public and a...
The analysis uses causal discovery methods and integrates scenario-based outcomes, communication analysis, and questionnaire measures.
Paper abstract states that causal discovery analysis was used and that it integrates scenario outcomes, communication analysis, and questionnaire measures.
high null result Imperfectly Cooperative Human-AI Interactions: Comparing the... analytic_method
The study examines user Extraversion and Agreeableness alongside AI design characteristics including Adaptability, Expertise, and chain-of-thought Transparency.
Variables listed in the abstract as the human personality traits and AI design characteristics analyzed.
high null result Imperfectly Cooperative Human-AI Interactions: Comparing the... personality_and_design_factors
The study compares two interaction scenario categories: (1) hiring negotiations between human job candidates and AI hiring agents; and (2) human-AI transactions in which AI agents may conceal information to maximize internal goals.
Explicit description of the two scenario categories in the paper abstract; method: experimental / simulation scenarios.
high null result Imperfectly Cooperative Human-AI Interactions: Comparing the... scenario_type
The study includes a parallel human subjects experiment involving 290 human participants.
Statement in paper abstract reporting a human-subjects experiment with 290 participants.
high null result Imperfectly Cooperative Human-AI Interactions: Comparing the... dataset_size
The study uses a purely simulated dataset comprising 2,000 simulations.
Statement in paper abstract describing a simulated dataset of 2,000 simulations; method: simulation experiments.
high null result Imperfectly Cooperative Human-AI Interactions: Comparing the... dataset_size
Algorithmic accuracy alone does not determine value; legitimacy and uptake hinge on people's and process readiness.
Thematic conclusion drawn from interviews, Likert surveys, and document analysis across cases indicating non-technical factors strongly influence uptake despite algorithmic performance metrics. (Sample size not reported.)
high null result Overcoming Resistance to Change: Artificial Intelligence in ... value realised / uptake of AI systems
The study utilized 3.87 million consumer comments from 127,846 product listings to build and validate models.
Data description reported in paper: 3.87 million consumer comments and 127,846 product listings used.
high null result Enhancing Supply Chain Resilience in Textile SMEs: A Human-C... dataset size (number of consumer comments and product listings)
A randomly sampled coalition of equal size remains largely ineffective at increasing platform spending / wages.
Theoretical comparison in the model between targeted coalitions and randomly sampled coalitions of the same size; analytical results showing limited impact for random coalitions.
high null result Stochastic wage suppression on gig platforms and how to orga... change in platform spending / worker wages due to coalition action
We contribute junior–senior accounts on their usage of agentic AI through a three-phase mixed-methods study: ACTA combined with a Delphi process with 5 seniors, an AI-assisted debugging task with 10 juniors, and blind reviews of junior prompt histories by 5 more seniors.
Authors' methodological description of the study design and participant counts as reported in the paper.
high null result From Junior to Senior: Allocating Agency and Navigating Prof... Study design / data collection approach (ACTA + Delphi; task experiment; blind r...