Co-authorship neighborhood
Muhammad Ahmad's displayed neighborhood
5 of 5 direct collaborators shown.
Scroll the diagram horizontally to inspect every displayed node.
Ordered author table
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| Display order | Author | Role | Distinct papers | Unique collaborators | Weighted degree | Active span |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Muhammad Ahmad | Focal | 1 | 5 | 5.0 | 2026 |
| 2 | Jafar Ali | Direct collaborator | 1 | 5 | 5.0 | 2026 |
| 3 | Maham Fazal | Direct collaborator | 1 | 5 | 5.0 | 2026 |
| 4 | Muhammad Amoon Khalid | Direct collaborator | 1 | 5 | 5.0 | 2026 |
| 5 | Muhammad Irfan Syed | Direct collaborator | 1 | 5 | 5.0 | 2026 |
| 6 | Sohrab Khan Magsi | Direct collaborator | 1 | 5 | 5.0 | 2026 |
Displayed collaboration table
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| Author pair | Shared papers | Full weight | Fractional weight |
|---|---|---|---|
| Muhammad Amoon Khalid — Maham Fazal | 1 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Muhammad Amoon Khalid — Muhammad Ahmad | 1 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Muhammad Amoon Khalid — Jafar Ali | 1 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Muhammad Amoon Khalid — Muhammad Irfan Syed | 1 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Muhammad Amoon Khalid — Sohrab Khan Magsi | 1 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Maham Fazal — Muhammad Ahmad | 1 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Maham Fazal — Jafar Ali | 1 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Maham Fazal — Muhammad Irfan Syed | 1 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Maham Fazal — Sohrab Khan Magsi | 1 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Muhammad Ahmad — Jafar Ali | 1 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Muhammad Ahmad — Muhammad Irfan Syed | 1 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Muhammad Ahmad — Sohrab Khan Magsi | 1 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Jafar Ali — Muhammad Irfan Syed | 1 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Jafar Ali — Sohrab Khan Magsi | 1 | 1 | 0.2 |
| Muhammad Irfan Syed — Sohrab Khan Magsi | 1 | 1 | 0.2 |
Graph construction and limits
Each distinct paper contributes an undirected pair for every two eligible identities in its deduplicated latest OpenAlex author list. Self-loops are removed. Solo papers count toward an author's paper total but create no edge. The selected display is an ego subgraph. Paper, collaborator, weighted-degree, and active-span metrics for every displayed node use the full filtered provider view; component size describes the focal author's component.
Immutable provider payloads are stored once. A separate receipt log records a later delivery of an earlier payload, so roster reversions remain visible. Exact duplicate receipts are idempotent. Equal timestamps use receipt insertion order as the tie-breaker.
Co-authorship records shared paper attribution only. It does not establish contribution size, research quality, influence, friendship, topic similarity, or citation relationships.