Evidence (2354 claims)

Evidence Matrix

Claim counts by outcome category and direction of finding.

Outcome	Positive	Negative	Mixed	Null	Total
Other	378	106	59	455	1007
Governance & Regulation	379	176	116	58	739
Research Productivity	240	96	34	294	668
Organizational Efficiency	370	82	63	35	553
Technology Adoption Rate	296	118	66	29	513
Firm Productivity	277	34	68	10	394
AI Safety & Ethics	117	177	44	24	364
Output Quality	244	61	23	26	354
Market Structure	107	123	85	14	334
Decision Quality	168	74	37	19	301
Fiscal & Macroeconomic	75	52	32	21	187
Employment Level	70	32	74	8	186
Skill Acquisition	89	32	39	9	169
Firm Revenue	96	34	22	—	152
Innovation Output	106	12	21	11	151
Consumer Welfare	70	30	37	7	144
Regulatory Compliance	52	61	13	3	129
Inequality Measures	24	68	31	4	127
Task Allocation	75	11	29	6	121
Training Effectiveness	55	12	12	16	96
Error Rate	42	48	6	—	96
Worker Satisfaction	45	32	11	6	94
Task Completion Time	78	5	4	2	89
Wages & Compensation	46	13	19	5	83
Team Performance	44	9	15	7	76
Hiring & Recruitment	39	4	6	3	52
Automation Exposure	18	17	9	5	50
Job Displacement	5	31	12	—	48
Social Protection	21	10	6	2	39
Developer Productivity	29	3	3	1	36
Worker Turnover	10	12	—	3	25
Skill Obsolescence	3	19	2	—	24
Creative Output	15	5	3	1	24
Labor Share of Income	10	4	9	—	23

Innovation Remove filter

More advanced NLP models (transformer-based encoders, finance-specific topic models, supervised sentiment classifiers) could improve signal quality over LDA and VADER.

Methodological discussion recommends more advanced models to potentially improve signals; this is presented as a likely improvement rather than empirically tested in the study.

speculative positive More than words: valuation of words for stock price by using... expected improvement in signal quality / predictive performance

Policy implication (inference from results): prioritizing digital infrastructure investment to pass critical thresholds will unlock stronger productivity and environmental gains than focusing solely on advanced digital services.

Inference drawn from panel threshold findings (infrastructure threshold) and observed complementarities; this is a policy recommendation rather than a direct empirical test.

speculative positive Digital rural development and agricultural green total facto... AGTFP (policy-oriented inference)

The positive AGTFP gains from digital rural development are geographically heterogeneous and are concentrated in eastern provinces.

Regional heterogeneity analysis / sub-sample regressions across provinces showing larger estimated digitalization effects in eastern provinces compared with other regions.

medium-high positive Digital rural development and agricultural green total facto... AGTFP (regional subsample effects)

Digital infrastructure exhibits a threshold effect: its positive impact on AGTFP becomes stronger once digital infrastructure passes a critical level.

Panel threshold model applied to the provincial panel (2012–2022) that identifies a statistically significant threshold in the infrastructure sub-index where marginal effects increase above that value.

medium-high positive Digital rural development and agricultural green total facto... AGTFP (effect conditional on digital infrastructure level)

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