Evidence (2450 claims)
Adoption
5200 claims
Productivity
4485 claims
Governance
4082 claims
Human-AI Collaboration
3029 claims
Labor Markets
2450 claims
Org Design
2305 claims
Innovation
2290 claims
Skills & Training
1920 claims
Inequality
1299 claims
Evidence Matrix
Claim counts by outcome category and direction of finding.
| Outcome | Positive | Negative | Mixed | Null | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other | 373 | 105 | 59 | 439 | 984 |
| Governance & Regulation | 366 | 172 | 114 | 55 | 717 |
| Research Productivity | 237 | 95 | 34 | 294 | 664 |
| Organizational Efficiency | 364 | 82 | 62 | 34 | 545 |
| Technology Adoption Rate | 292 | 115 | 66 | 27 | 504 |
| Firm Productivity | 274 | 33 | 68 | 10 | 390 |
| AI Safety & Ethics | 116 | 177 | 44 | 24 | 363 |
| Output Quality | 231 | 61 | 23 | 25 | 340 |
| Market Structure | 107 | 121 | 85 | 14 | 332 |
| Decision Quality | 158 | 68 | 33 | 17 | 279 |
| Employment Level | 70 | 32 | 74 | 8 | 186 |
| Fiscal & Macroeconomic | 74 | 52 | 32 | 21 | 183 |
| Skill Acquisition | 88 | 31 | 38 | 9 | 166 |
| Firm Revenue | 96 | 34 | 22 | — | 152 |
| Innovation Output | 105 | 12 | 21 | 11 | 150 |
| Consumer Welfare | 67 | 29 | 35 | 7 | 138 |
| Regulatory Compliance | 52 | 61 | 13 | 3 | 129 |
| Inequality Measures | 24 | 67 | 31 | 4 | 126 |
| Task Allocation | 70 | 9 | 29 | 6 | 114 |
| Error Rate | 42 | 47 | 6 | — | 95 |
| Training Effectiveness | 55 | 12 | 11 | 16 | 94 |
| Worker Satisfaction | 42 | 32 | 11 | 6 | 91 |
| Task Completion Time | 76 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 87 |
| Team Performance | 44 | 9 | 15 | 7 | 76 |
| Wages & Compensation | 38 | 13 | 19 | 4 | 74 |
| Hiring & Recruitment | 39 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 52 |
| Automation Exposure | 18 | 15 | 9 | 5 | 47 |
| Job Displacement | 5 | 29 | 12 | — | 46 |
| Developer Productivity | 27 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 33 |
| Social Protection | 18 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 33 |
| Worker Turnover | 10 | 12 | — | 3 | 25 |
| Creative Output | 15 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 24 |
| Skill Obsolescence | 3 | 18 | 2 | — | 23 |
| Labor Share of Income | 8 | 4 | 9 | — | 21 |
Labor Markets
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Broader cognitive automation potential across administrative, financial, and professional services amounts to 11.7% (~$1.2 trillion).
Iceberg Index computation summing the wage-value contributions of skills that current AI capabilities can perform; based on mapping of thousands of AI tools to ~32,000 skills and the simulated 151M-agent workforce across ~3,000 counties.
Visible AI adoption concentrated in computing/technology represents about 2.2% of U.S. wage value (~$211 billion).
Model-derived visible-adoption metric computed from mapped AI tool usage in technology/computing occupations, applied to the simulated 151M-worker population and national wage data to estimate percentage and dollar value.
Prevailing reskilling strategies assume access to stable employment, time and funds for training, certification systems, and institutional support — conditions that are weak or absent for informal platform workers; therefore standard reskilling policies are poorly suited to this context.
Qualitative synthesis of policy analyses and literature on reskilling programs and labour-market institutions; conceptual critique rather than new empirical testing.
Algorithmic management (opaque algorithms for assignment, pricing, and performance metrics) restructures platform work in ways that both change task composition and intensify precarity, reducing workers' ability to adapt to automation.
Draws on prior empirical studies and policy analyses of algorithmic management cited in the literature review; no new empirical data collected in this paper.
Task versus job displacement operate differently across institutional contexts: in formal labour markets, task automation can be accommodated through reallocation or protections, while in informal platform work task loss typically becomes outright job loss.
Argument built from secondary literature comparing formal and informal labour-market institutions and existing empirical studies on reallocation mechanisms; conceptual analysis in the paper (qualitative synthesis only).
AI-driven automation in platform-based informal work in India primarily displaces tasks, but because workers lack job security, institutional protections, and access to alternative labour tracks, task-level automation often manifests as full job displacement.
Synthesis of prior empirical studies, policy analyses, and theoretical work on platform-based labour and automation focused on India and comparable developing-country settings; conceptual framing distinguishing task-level vs job-level effects; no primary data or new empirical analysis in this paper.
Reduced labor shares disproportionately harm lower- and middle-skill workers relative to higher-skill workers, increasing distributional inequality.
Micro and firm-case analyses linking K_T exposure to occupation- and skill-level wage/employment outcomes; regressions showing heterogeneous effects across skill groups; supporting evidence from sectoral studies.
The loss of labor share and payrolls materially undermines PAYG pension sustainability and payroll-tax revenue bases under realistic adoption trajectories.
Dynamic general equilibrium overlapping-generations model calibrated and simulated to incorporate substitution between labor and K_T and a PAYG pension sector; fiscal simulations show declining contributor bases and pressure on pension balances; sensitivity analyses across adoption speeds.
Wages for workers in K_T‑intensive firms/industries fall or grow more slowly relative to less-exposed counterparts, compressing wage contributions to income.
Panel regressions estimating wage outcomes conditional on K_T intensity measures, with controls and robustness specifications; supported by matched employer‑employee microdata in case studies and industry-level decompositions.
Strict oversight requirements for GLAI could raise fixed compliance costs (audit, certification, human-in-the-loop processes), benefiting incumbent firms and potentially reducing competition and barriers to entry.
Regulatory economics argument drawing on compliance-cost logic and market structure effects; no empirical entry-cost analysis or case studies.
Perception of increased legal risk and regulatory uncertainty may slow adoption of GLAI and redirect investment toward safer subfields (verification tools, retrieval-augmented systems, formal-reasoning hybrids).
Economic reasoning and market-design argumentation based on risk/uncertainty dynamics; no econometric or survey data presented.
Divergent regulatory regimes (e.g., strict EU rules vs. looser regimes elsewhere) may produce regulatory arbitrage, influencing where GLAI companies locate, invest, and trade internationally.
Cross-jurisdictional regulatory analysis and economic inference about firm behavior under differential regulation; no firm-level relocation data provided.
The possibility of strategic argument construction (gaming) motivates governance needs: standards for provenance, certification, and liability rules.
Policy recommendation based on anticipated incentive problems; no empirical governance evaluations.
Standard GDP statistics can mask AI-driven demand shortfalls; central banks and statistical agencies should therefore monitor labor-share–velocity links, distributional income measures, and consumption by income quantile in addition to headline GDP.
Theoretical Ghost GDP channel and calibration results showing divergence between measured GDP and consumption-relevant income; policy recommendation follows from those model results.
Time-series metrics (e.g., derivatives like d/dt(student enrollment)) are useful monitoring signals for validation and system oversight.
Methodological suggestion in the paper proposing time-series analysis of enrollment and other administrative data; no empirical demonstration or threshold criteria provided.
The authors assess system performance on JobSearch-XS across retrieval tasks.
Paper states that system performance is assessed on JobSearch-XS across retrieval tasks. The excerpt does not provide the tasks, metrics, sample sizes, or numerical results.
An interpretable logistic-regression model, calibrated with isotonic regression, produces well-calibrated, individual-level attrition probabilities suitable for policy simulation.
Modeling pipeline: logistic regression for prediction, isotonic regression for calibration; authors report strong predictive performance and well-calibrated probabilities (specific performance metrics not included in the provided summary).
A Sankey diagram of thematic evolution shows lexical convergence over time and indicates that a small set of authors has disproportionate influence in structuring the discourse.
Thematic evolution analysis visualized with a Sankey diagram; author influence inferred from performance trends (citations/publication counts) in the bibliometric data.
This paper is one of the first systematic reviews focused specifically on NLP in bank marketing, organizing findings along the customer journey and the marketing mix to provide a practical taxonomy.
Authors' stated novelty claim based on the scoped literature search (2014–2024) and topical focus; novelty inferred from the small number of prior papers identified at the intersection.
Productivity gains from AI may be under- or mis-measured if national accounts and tax systems do not adjust for AI-driven quality changes in services.
Analytic observation in the paper's measurement and externalities discussion; not empirically tested within the study.
Manipulating costs and benefits of observation versus action in experiments can probe the switching behavior driven by System M.
Proposed experimental manipulation; no empirical data presented.
Ablation studies disabling System M or decoupling Systems A and B will help test whether meta-control provides empirical benefits.
Suggested experimental design (ablation study) in the methods section; no results provided.
Overall employment in Albania has not fallen sharply; instead, changes are concentrated within occupational groups (i.e., occupational restructuring).
Official labor market statistics analyzed descriptively over the recent period, complemented by business survey and case-study evidence of within-occupation shifts. No causal identification; sample details not provided.
AI adoption in Albania is driving occupational restructuring rather than producing large net job losses.
Descriptive analysis of official labor market statistics, business surveys, and selected firm case studies comparing employment levels and occupational composition over the recent period; study notes limited causal identification. Sample size not specified in summary.
Measuring AI's contribution to productivity and coordination effects will be challenging; new metrics (e.g., coordination time per task, error/rework rates attributable to communication lapses) are required.
Conceptual argument and recommended measurement agenda in the paper; no empirical testing of proposed metrics provided.
Existing research largely focuses on general computer literacy and lacks precise measurement of the economic returns to specific vocational digital skills.
Paper's literature review and motivating statements (qualitative assessment of prior studies; no quantitative meta-analysis reported in the excerpt).
Early evidence from nationally representative datasets shows limited aggregate wage and employment changes following GenAI's emergence.
Empirical analyses referenced in the paper that use nationally representative population-level datasets (specific datasets and sample sizes not provided in the excerpt).
Empirically, many markets are concentrated and characterized by large, dominant employers.
Empirical assertion in the paper; the excerpt does not provide the datasets, measures of concentration (e.g., HHI), sample sizes, or citations supporting this statement.
Previous studies have identified language barriers as impediments to labor market engagement but empirical information assessing both policy reductions and the relative efficacy of professional, AI-assisted, and hybrid translation methods is scarce.
Paper's literature review claim that existing literature documents language barriers but lacks comparative empirical evaluations of policy reductions and multiple translation models; asserted as motivation for current study.
Levers such as raising taxes, reforming pensions, boosting productivity interact with each other through feedback loops and time delays that are not yet well understood.
Literature and model motivation stated in the paper; the integrated model is built to capture such interactions and delays.
The Photo Big 5 is only weakly correlated with cognitive measures such as test scores.
Correlation/associational analysis between Photo Big 5 trait scores and cognitive measures (e.g., test scores) reported for the MBA graduate sample.
The short‑term effect of AI on labor‑intensive industries is weak.
Short‑run/dynamic subgroup analysis in the China 2003–2017 panel indicating minimal or weak immediate growth effects for labor‑intensive sectors.
Median hourly compensation for gig workers, after accounting for expenses and unpaid time, averages $14.20.
Earnings analysis using platform transaction records adjusted for reported expenses and estimated unpaid labor time; comparative baseline drawn from labor force and administrative wage data (24 countries, 2015–2025).
The study explores the influence of AI on HRM practice specifically within top IT companies.
Scope statement in the paper: empirical study involved HR professionals from various (described as top) IT firms. The summary does not supply the list of companies or sampling criteria.
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on AI/HR analytics and organizational decision making, using 85 publications and grounding the work in theories of algorithm-automated decision-making (AST) and matching/hybrid models (STS).
Paper's methods: systematic review and meta-analysis; sample = 85 publications; theoretical framing explicitly stated as AST and STS.
Macroeconomic fiscal moderation remains empirically unvalidated.
Synthesis conclusion from the review noting an absence of empirical evidence that Agentic AI produces macroeconomic fiscal moderation; i.e., no validated studies showing broad fiscal relief effects were identified in the reviewed literature.
No significant differences emerged in job titles and industry suggested by GPT-5 across genders.
Empirical finding from analysis of GPT-5 outputs comparing suggested job titles and industries for the 24 profiles; exact statistical tests not specified in the summary.
AI will not cause permanent mass unemployment at the aggregate level.
Analytical argument and literature synthesis using labor-economics theory (Skill-Biased Technological Change and structural transformation). No primary microdata, no stated empirical identification strategy or sample size in the paper (methodology appears to be theoretical and sectoral synthesis).
Empirical evaluation is needed on how AI-induced productivity gains translate into aggregate demand and labor absorption.
Identified research priority in the paper, based on theoretical uncertainty about demand-side labor absorption and lack of conclusive empirical evidence.
AI will not mechanically cause permanent mass unemployment at the aggregate level.
Theoretical framing and synthesis of existing empirical findings across task-based and macro studies; no single new dataset provided (paper draws on literature and conceptual models).
Occupation-level analyses (e.g., BLS OEWS cross-occupation wage regressions) risk misleading conclusions about AI’s distributional effects because they aggregate over the task- and firm-level heterogeneity that drives the mechanism.
Theoretical argument and empirical illustration in the paper showing how aggregation masks within-task compression and firm-level rent capture; example regressions on OEWS used to demonstrate the limitation.
Testing the model requires within-occupation, within-task panel data on task-level performance and wages linked to firm-level AI adoption, ownership of complementary assets, and measures of rent-sharing; such data are not available at scale.
Author statement about data requirements and current data limitations; empirical illustration and discussion note absence of large-scale linked microdata meeting these criteria.
Occupation-level regressions using BLS OEWS (2019–2023) are insufficient for testing the model’s task-level predictions because aggregation across tasks and firms hides the mechanism.
Empirical illustration in the paper using occupation-level regressions on BLS OEWS 2019–2023 showing that such aggregates do not reveal within-occupation, within-task dispersion or firm-level rent concentration effects; paper argues this is a data-adequacy limitation.
A sensitivity decomposition shows five of the moments (the non‑ΔGini moments) identify internal mechanism rates (how AI changes task production, education responses, screening intensity) but do not determine the aggregate sign of inequality change.
Local identification / sensitivity decomposition performed on the calibrated model; decomposition results reported in the paper attribute mechanism-rate identification to five moments and show they leave the sign of ΔGini indeterminate.
The paper introduces a novel taxonomy that separates patenting into three domains: core AI, traditional robotics, and AI-enhanced robotics.
Methodological contribution of the paper: construction and application of a classification scheme that assigns patent filings (1980–2019) into three domains (core AI, traditional robotics, AI-enhanced robotics). Data source: patent filings 1980–2019 (aggregate counts by domain and country). Exact number of patents not provided in the summary.
AI did not significantly moderate the relationship between workplace stress and job performance.
Moderation test in PLS-SEM (SmartPLS 4.0) on N = 350; reported non-significant AI × Stress → Performance moderator (paper reports no significant moderating effect).
There is a need for causal studies (randomized pilots, phased rollouts) to quantify net welfare effects including patient trust, equity, legal risk, and long-run labor impacts.
Authors' recommendation based on gaps identified in the mixed-methods evidence and acknowledged limitations around causal identification and long-term measurement.
Under the current estimated parameters, dynamics converge toward equilibria—implying convergent, policy-mediated adjustment rather than endogenous cyclical instability.
Inference from stability classification (stable-node equilibria) and model dynamics simulated or linearized around equilibria using 2016–2023–estimated parameters.
Equilibrium points of the estimated three-stock system are classified as stable nodes (no persistent endogenous cycles under the estimated parameters).
Stability analysis: equilibria computed from estimated parameters and local stability assessed via Jacobian eigenvalues; eigenvalues indicate stable nodes.
Results are robust across alternative AI index specifications, occupational classifications, and standard controls (country and year fixed effects, macroeconomic covariates).
Paper reports robustness checks across different index constructions and occupational taxonomies, with standard controls included in regressions.