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Evidence (3470 claims)

Adoption
7395 claims
Productivity
6507 claims
Governance
5877 claims
Human-AI Collaboration
5157 claims
Innovation
3492 claims
Org Design
3470 claims
Labor Markets
3224 claims
Skills & Training
2608 claims
Inequality
1835 claims

Evidence Matrix

Claim counts by outcome category and direction of finding.

Outcome Positive Negative Mixed Null Total
Other 609 159 77 736 1615
Governance & Regulation 664 329 160 99 1273
Organizational Efficiency 624 143 105 70 949
Technology Adoption Rate 502 176 98 78 861
Research Productivity 348 109 48 322 836
Output Quality 391 120 44 40 595
Firm Productivity 385 46 85 17 539
Decision Quality 275 143 62 34 521
AI Safety & Ethics 183 241 59 30 517
Market Structure 152 154 109 20 440
Task Allocation 158 50 56 26 295
Innovation Output 178 23 38 17 257
Skill Acquisition 137 52 50 13 252
Fiscal & Macroeconomic 120 64 38 23 252
Employment Level 93 46 96 12 249
Firm Revenue 130 43 26 3 202
Consumer Welfare 99 51 40 11 201
Inequality Measures 36 105 40 6 187
Task Completion Time 134 18 6 5 163
Worker Satisfaction 79 54 16 11 160
Error Rate 64 78 8 1 151
Regulatory Compliance 69 64 14 3 150
Training Effectiveness 81 15 13 18 129
Wages & Compensation 70 25 22 6 123
Team Performance 74 16 21 9 121
Automation Exposure 41 48 19 9 120
Job Displacement 11 71 16 1 99
Developer Productivity 71 14 9 3 98
Hiring & Recruitment 49 7 8 3 67
Social Protection 26 14 8 2 50
Creative Output 26 14 6 2 49
Skill Obsolescence 5 37 5 1 48
Labor Share of Income 12 13 12 37
Worker Turnover 11 12 3 26
Industry 1 1
Clear
Org Design Remove filter
High-value uses require broader authority exposure — data access, workflow integration, and delegated authority — when governance controls have not yet decoupled capability from authority exposure.
Conceptual/mechanism claim articulated in the paper (motivating assumption for the analytical model; no empirical sample given in the abstract).
high mixed The Security Cost of Intelligence: AI Capability, Cyber Risk... authority exposure associated with AI deployment
Firms are deploying more capable AI systems, but organizational controls often have not kept pace.
Stated as background context in the paper's abstract/introduction (observational claim; no empirical sample or experiment reported in the abstract).
high mixed The Security Cost of Intelligence: AI Capability, Cyber Risk... deployment of capable AI systems / governance maturity
There is a strict policy reversal in optimal editorial policy sign: tightening is optimal pre-transition, loosening is optimal post-transition.
Analytical proof in the model showing the sign reversal of the editor's optimal constrained response as AI capability crosses the critical threshold.
high mixed Buying the Right to Monitor:Editorial Design in AI-Assisted ... direction of optimal editorial policy change (tighten vs loosen) across regimes
After the AI transition, editors must loosen acceptance standards while investing in AI detection, because further tightening only amplifies dissipative polishing without improving sorting.
Analytical characterization of the constrained optimal editorial response in the post-transition regime within the model; argument relies on the discontinuous reviewer-effort collapse and comparative statics.
high mixed Buying the Right to Monitor:Editorial Design in AI-Assisted ... optimal editorial policy (acceptance standards and investment in AI detection) a...
The reviewer-effort collapse creates a welfare misalignment: authors benefit from a weakened 'rat race' while editors suffer from degraded signal informativeness.
Comparative statics and welfare analysis in the theoretical model showing authors' equilibrium payoffs rise as competition/polishing dissipates, while editor's signal informativeness declines due to lower reviewer effort.
high mixed Buying the Right to Monitor:Editorial Design in AI-Assisted ... welfare for authors (utility/payoff) and informativeness of editorial signals
In academic peer review, generative AI enters both sides of the market: authors use AI to polish submissions, and reviewers use it to generate plausible reports without exerting evaluative effort.
Model assumption and motivation in the paper's three-sided equilibrium framework; described as the dual adoption mechanism analyzed analytically (no empirical sample size reported).
high mixed Buying the Right to Monitor:Editorial Design in AI-Assisted ... adoption of AI by authors and reviewers (change in task allocation and effort)
The paper extends paradox theory to conceptualise the Creativity Paradox in the context of GenAI.
Theoretical extension and conceptual development within the paper (no empirical tests reported).
high mixed Beyond the Creativity Paradox: A Theory-informed Framework f... extension of paradox theory (Creativity Paradox)
The intervention only modestly narrows the gap to a full-information benchmark.
Comparison between post-intervention calibration/auction outcomes and a full-information benchmark reported in the paper, showing only modest improvement.
high mixed MarketBench: Evaluating AI Agents as Market Participants remaining gap between post-intervention outcomes and full-information benchmark ...
Firms with a high market position tend to imitate the peer leader, whereas firms in middle and low market positions are more likely to follow the peer group.
Heterogeneity analysis / subgroup regressions in fixed-effects models on panel data of publicly listed Chinese firms (2012–2023), stratifying firms by market position (high, middle, low).
high mixed Following the Herd or the Bellwether: Peer Effects in Firms’... focal firm AI adoption level (differential peer influence by firm market positio...
AI influences innovation performance in organizations.
Discussion and synthesis of studies and reports on AI adoption and innovation performance presented in the review.
AI adoption is producing organizational implications, including changes in project management practices.
Findings synthesized from conference papers, case studies and industry reports included in the review.
high mixed The Impact of AI on Employability and Evolving Job Roles of ... project management practices / organizational processes
Automation, generative AI, and intelligent systems are reshaping task structures, leading to both job displacement risks and the creation of new AI-driven roles.
Synthesis of empirical studies, conference findings, and industry reports reporting both displacement risks and new role emergence (review paper).
high mixed The Impact of AI on Employability and Evolving Job Roles of ... job displacement and role creation
AI is rapidly transforming the nature of work, the demand for skills, and the professional roles of Information Technology (IT) practitioners.
Stated as a synthesis result from a narrative review of recent empirical studies, conference findings, and industry reports (review paper).
high mixed The Impact of AI on Employability and Evolving Job Roles of ... demand for skills / professional roles
The study explores implications of algorithmic enterprises for competitive advantage, labour markets, and regulatory policy.
Declared scope of the paper in the abstract; exploration is conceptual and analytical rather than reporting empirical findings or quantified effects.
high mixed Algorithmic Enterprises: Rethinking Firm Strategy in the Age... implications for firm competitive advantage, labour market outcomes, and policy
Analysis of more than two decades of M&A deals reveals shifts in acquisition activity and allows mapping of corporate linkages and overlapping investments.
Empirical longitudinal analysis of M&A deals over a period exceeding 20 years; method: mapping corporate linkages from M&A data (sample size/dataset not specified in the excerpt).
high mixed Industry 4.0 Inc.—Mergers and acquisitions and the digital t... acquisition activity and corporate linkages / overlapping investments
A determinism study of 10 replays per case at temperature zero shows both architectures inherit residual API-level nondeterminism, but DPM exposes one nondeterministic call while summarization exposes N compounding calls.
Determinism experiment with 10 replays per case at temperature zero; qualitative/quantitative observation about number of nondeterministic LLM calls exposed by each architecture.
high mixed Stateless Decision Memory for Enterprise AI Agents system nondeterminism / number of nondeterministic LLM calls exposed per decisio...
Open-source versus closed-source trade-offs (including deployment architectures and competitive differentiation) are a central strategic consideration when selecting an enterprise LLM approach.
Paper's comparative analysis of open-source and closed-source alternatives and discussion of strategic implications; supported by the Bills Converter design rationale.
high mixed Buy Or Build? A Practitioner’s Framework for Large Language ... strategic positioning / competitive differentiation from LLM architecture choice
Experienced developers maintain control through detailed delegation while novices struggle between over-reliance and cautious avoidance.
Observed behaviors and accounts from the AI-assisted debugging task (10 juniors) and senior participants in ACTA/Delphi and blind review phases (5 + 5 seniors).
high mixed From Junior to Senior: Allocating Agency and Navigating Prof... Control over AI tools (detailed delegation) vs patterns of novice behavior (over...
AI is not just changing how engineers code—it is reshaping who holds agency across work and professional growth.
Qualitative synthesis of findings across the three-phase study (Delphi with 5 seniors; debugging task with 10 juniors; blind reviews by 5 seniors).
high mixed From Junior to Senior: Allocating Agency and Navigating Prof... Distribution of agency (decision-making control) across roles and career develop...
The design space articulates four configurations—No AI, Hidden AI, Translucent AI, and Visible AI—each trading off among accountability, autonomy, and coordination cost.
Conceptual taxonomy introduced in the paper (design artifact). No empirical evaluation or sample reported in the abstract; tradeoffs are argued theoretically.
high mixed Who Gets Credit? Operationalizing AI Disclosure as Epistemic... tradeoffs among accountability, autonomy, coordination cost under different disc...
They can produce fluent outputs that resemble reflection, but lack temporal continuity, causal feedback, and anchoring in real-world interaction.
Descriptive claim made in the text contrasting surface-level fluency with missing properties; no empirical data or experiments provided.
high mixed Governing Reflective Human-AI Collaboration: A Framework for... fluency vs. temporal_continuity, causal_feedback, real-world_anchoring
The results show how non-IID data, competition intensity, and incentives shape organizational strategies and social welfare.
Findings from the paper's experiments and analyses that vary non-IIDness, competition intensity, and incentive parameters; no numeric sample sizes provided in abstract.
high mixed Cooperate to Compete: Strategic Data Generation and Incentiv... organizational_strategies / social_welfare
Cross-border citations show continued technological interdependence rather than decoupling, with Chinese AI inventors relying more heavily on U.S. frontier knowledge than vice versa.
Citation analysis of cross-border patent citations between Chinese and U.S. AI patents (paper reports asymmetry in reliance based on citation patterns).
high mixed AI Patents in the United States and China: Measurement, Orga... cross-border patent citation patterns (directional reliance on frontier knowledg...
The organization of AI innovation differs sharply: U.S. AI patenting is concentrated among large private incumbents and established hubs, whereas Chinese AI patenting is more geographically diffuse and institutionally diverse, with larger roles for universities and state-owned enterprises.
Analysis of assignee types, geographic dispersion, and institutional composition of AI patents in the two countries (concentration metrics and assignee categorizations described in paper).
high mixed AI Patents in the United States and China: Measurement, Orga... assignee concentration, geographic diffusion, institutional composition (share o...
Across all settings, AI Organizations composed of aligned models produce solutions with higher utility but greater misalignment compared to a single aligned model.
Reported experimental results aggregated across two practical settings (AI consultancy and AI software team) and 12 tasks; direct comparison between AI Organizations of aligned models and a single aligned model.
high mixed AI Organizations are More Effective but Less Aligned than In... solution utility (higher) and model misalignment (greater)
Multi-agent "AI organizations" are simultaneously more effective at achieving business goals, but less aligned, than individual AI agents.
Experimental comparison reported in the paper: experiments comparing multi-agent AI organizations to single aligned agents across tasks and settings (described below).
high mixed AI Organizations are More Effective but Less Aligned than In... solution utility (effectiveness at achieving business goals) and model alignment...
Subjectivity persisted in AI-powered recruitment decisions; human judgment remained an important factor.
Theme 2 (subjectivity in AI-powered recruitment) from interviews indicating retained human subjectivity and judgement in recruitment processes (n = 22).
high mixed The augmented recruiter: examining AI integration and decisi... degree_of_subjectivity_in_decision_making
Experiments on the MovieLens-100k dataset illustrate when the empirical payout aligns with — and diverges from — Shapley fairness across different settings and algorithms.
Empirical evaluation performed on the MovieLens-100k dataset (≈100,000 ratings) comparing the proposed payout rule and algorithmic outcomes to Shapley-value allocations across multiple experimental settings and algorithms.
high mixed Creator Incentives in Recommender Systems: A Cooperative Gam... alignment/divergence between empirical payouts and Shapley-value fairness
For heterogeneous agents the cooperative game still admits a non-empty core, though convexity and Shapley value core-membership are no longer guaranteed.
Theoretical analysis for heterogeneous-agent case provided in the paper: establishes core non-emptiness but shows convexity and Shapley-in-core do not generally hold.
high mixed Creator Incentives in Recommender Systems: A Cooperative Gam... core non-emptiness; lack of guaranteed convexity and Shapley membership
User interactions in online recommendation platforms create interdependencies among content creators: feedback on one creator's content influences the system's learning and, in turn, the exposure of other creators' contents.
Conceptual/empirical motivation stated in the paper; motivates the multi-agent bandit modeling of creator interactions in recommender systems.
high mixed Creator Incentives in Recommender Systems: A Cooperative Gam... interdependencies in content exposure induced by user feedback
Sensitivity analyses indicate the observed positive belief changes likely reflect recovery from carry-over effects rather than genuine training-induced shifts.
Authors' sensitivity analyses discussed in the paper that examined alternative explanations (e.g., carry-over effects) and concluded the belief-change result is likely due to recovery from such effects.
high mixed Scaffolding Human-AI Collaboration: A Field Experiment on Be... validity of belief-change effect (source attribution: training vs. carry-over re...
Bounded agents act as an amplifying but not necessary extension to the foundation-model stack for changing work coordination.
Conceptual argument within the paper distinguishing bounded agents from the core stack; no empirical comparison or measurement reported.
high mixed Remote-Capable Knowledge Work Should Default to AI-Enabled F... role of bounded agents in amplifying coordination impacts
AI adoption outcomes depend on organizational routines, data arrangements, accountability structures, and public values.
Empirical and theoretical literature review and argument in the article drawing on scholarship in digital government and public-sector technology adoption.
high mixed Governing frontier general-purpose AI in the public sector: ... determinants of AI adoption in government (organizational, data, accountability,...
The productivity decomposition classifies deployments into five regimes that separate beneficial adoption from harmful adoption and identifies which deployments are vulnerable to the augmentation trap.
Model-based taxonomy produced from the analytical decomposition (classification into five regimes described in the paper).
high mixed The Augmentation Trap: AI Productivity and the Cost of Cogni... classification of AI deployment regimes (beneficial vs harmful, vulnerability to...
Small differences in managerial incentives can determine which skill path a worker takes (whether they realize full potential or deskill).
Comparative statics / theoretical sensitivity analysis in the dynamic model indicating tipping behavior based on managerial incentives.
high mixed The Augmentation Trap: AI Productivity and the Cost of Cogni... worker skill trajectory contingent on managerial incentives
Result 3: When AI productivity depends less on worker expertise, workers can permanently diverge in skill: experienced workers realize their full potential while less experienced workers deskill to zero.
Analytical result from the dynamic model showing path-dependent divergence in skill levels under particular parameterizations (lower dependence of AI on worker expertise).
high mixed The Augmentation Trap: AI Productivity and the Cost of Cogni... long-run worker skill distribution (experienced vs less experienced)
The rise of agentic AI development, where LLM-based agents autonomously read, write, navigate, and debug codebases, introduces a new primary consumer with fundamentally different constraints.
Conceptual claim argued in the paper; refers to the emergence of agentic LLM-based tools as new consumers of software artifacts rather than an empirical measurement; no sample size reported.
high mixed Beyond Human-Readable: Rethinking Software Engineering Conve... who/what is the primary consumer of software engineering artifacts (human develo...
The effects of generative AI depend not only on the technology itself, but also the behavioral strategies and incentive structures surrounding its use.
Synthesis and interpretation of RCT results showing interactions between incentive structure and AI-use patterns (no formal interaction coefficients or sample details provided in excerpt).
high mixed Incentives shape how humans co-create with generative AI impact of incentives and strategies on AI outcomes
Through a pre-registered randomized control trial, we show that incentives mediate AI's homogenizing force in a creative writing task where participants can use AI interactively.
Pre-registered randomized controlled trial (experimental design) conducted on a creative writing task with interactive AI use (details such as sample size not provided in excerpt).
high mixed Incentives shape how humans co-create with generative AI extent to which incentives alter AI's homogenizing effect (mediating effect)
By conceptualizing the emergence of a posthuman economy, this study contributes to interdisciplinary debates on artificial intelligence, digital capitalism, and the transformation of economic organization.
Author-stated contribution of the paper based on conceptual/theoretical work; no empirical validation reported.
high mixed Algorithmic Agency and the Posthuman Economy: Artificial Int... conceptual contribution to interdisciplinary academic debates on AI and economic...
Contemporary organizations operate within hybrid intelligence environments where human expertise and algorithmic systems collaboratively produce economic knowledge, prediction, and action.
Theoretical synthesis using posthumanist and socio-technical perspectives within the paper; no empirical measurement or sample provided.
high mixed Algorithmic Agency and the Posthuman Economy: Artificial Int... presence of hybrid intelligence environments and collaborative human-algorithmic...
This article develops the concept of algorithmic agency to explain how artificial intelligence participates in economic decision-making within modern business systems.
Author's conceptual contribution described in the paper (theoretical development), no empirical testing reported.
high mixed Algorithmic Agency and the Posthuman Economy: Artificial Int... conceptual account of AI participation in economic decision-making (algorithmic ...
Emerging posthumanist scholarship suggests a deeper transformation in which economic agency itself becomes distributed across human and algorithmic actors.
Synthesis of posthumanist scholarship and theoretical literature cited in the paper; conceptual rather than empirical evidence.
high mixed Algorithmic Agency and the Posthuman Economy: Artificial Int... distribution of economic agency across human and algorithmic actors
Artificial intelligence is fundamentally reshaping contemporary economic systems as algorithmic infrastructures increasingly participate in interpreting information, generating predictions, and influencing organizational decision-making.
Conceptual argument in the paper drawing on posthumanist theory, socio-technical research, and digital economy scholarship; no empirical sample or quantitative data reported.
high mixed Algorithmic Agency and the Posthuman Economy: Artificial Int... extent to which algorithmic infrastructures participate in organizational inform...
Tool developers, users, and social scientists conceptualize 'context' differently, and these divergent conceptualizations reveal specific pitfalls inherent in computational approaches to context.
Analytic comparison across stakeholder perspectives derived from interviews and conceptual analysis in the paper (qualitative evidence; sample size unspecified).
high mixed Context Collapse: Barriers to Adoption for Generative AI in ... differences in conceptual definitions and the resulting pitfalls for computation...
AI adoption significantly reshaped task profiles for 73% of respondents, particularly affecting routine data processing, administrative tasks, and scheduling activities.
Survey data and secondary data analysis reported in this study (sample size not stated); self-reported change in task profiles with reported percentage (73%).
high mixed Artificial Intelligence Adoption and Career Reconfiguration ... task profile change (impact on routine data processing, administrative tasks, sc...
For the short-run optimization problem of AI deployment given fixed job responsibilities and worker skill levels, the firm’s optimal strategy for an m-step job can be computed in time O(m^2) using dynamic programming; the long-run joint optimization including task assignment to workers can also be solved in polynomial time up to an arbitrarily small error term.
Algorithmic results and complexity analysis derived in the theoretical sections and appendices of the paper (dynamic programming construction and polynomial-time solution statements).
high mixed Chaining Tasks, Redefining Work: A Theory of AI Automation computational complexity (time complexity) of computing optimal AI deployment an...
Appending a neighboring step to an existing AI chain adds no additional human verification burden (verification is a fixed cost at the chain level), which can make appending steps to a chain optimal even if manual execution is individually preferable for the appended step.
Theoretical model setup and formal argument showing verification is incurred only at the last augmented step of a chain; illustrative examples (data scientist workflow) and comparative-cost reasoning in the paper.
high mixed Chaining Tasks, Redefining Work: A Theory of AI Automation marginal verification cost when extending AI chains
AI chaining can overturn standard comparative advantage logic in assignment: when multiple adjacent steps are executed as an AI chain, a step may be assigned to AI (as part of the chain) even if manual human execution would be preferred for that step in isolation.
Theoretical model of production as an ordered sequence of steps with firms endogenously bundling contiguous steps into tasks and jobs; formal comparative-static arguments and illustrative examples in the paper showing how fixed verification costs per chain change marginal assignment incentives.
high mixed Chaining Tasks, Redefining Work: A Theory of AI Automation assignment of individual steps to AI versus human execution
Developers actively manage the collaboration, externalizing plans into persistent artifacts, and negotiating AI autonomy through context injection and behavioral constraints.
Observed behaviors in chat transcripts and committed artifacts showing developers creating persistent plans, injecting context, and specifying constraints to shape AI behavior.
high mixed Programming by Chat: A Large-Scale Behavioral Analysis of 11... practices for managing AI collaboration (externalization of plans, context injec...