AI big-data capabilities and supply-chain agility are linked to better supply-chain performance alongside ethical leadership and strong management practices; however, integration alone did not translate into performance and AI’s moderating effects were negligible (model explains ~64.7% of variance).

Purpose: The growing complexity of global supply chains, driven by digital transformation and increasing competition, requires a better understanding of the factors influencing Supply Chain Performance (SCP). Grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capabilities perspectives, this study examines the direct and indirect effects of Artificial Intelligence Big Data Capabilities (AIBDA), Supply Chain Agility (SCA), Supply Chain Collaboration (SCC), Supply Chain Ethical Leadership (SCEL), and Supply Chain Management Practices (SCMP) on SCP. Design/Methodology/Approach. Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 380 supply chain professionals through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using PLS-SEM in SmartPLS 4. Supply Chain Integration (SCI) and Supply Chain Capabilities (SCCap) were examined as mediators, while AIBDA and SCA were tested as moderators. Findings. Results indicate that AIBDA (β=0.125), SCA (β=0.154), SCEL (β=0.187), SCMP (β=0.194), and SCCap (β=0.243) significantly enhance SCP. The mediating roles of SCCap are supported, whereas SCI does not mediate the relationships. The moderating effects of AIBDA (β=0.023) and SCA (β=0.065) are insignificant. The model explains 64.7% of the variance in SCP, providing theoretical and practical implications for digitally enabled supply chains. Research Limitations. The cross-sectional design limits causal inferences, and convenience sampling restricts generalizability. Future studies should employ longitudinal designs and probability sampling. Practical Implications. The findings guide managers in prioritizing investments in AI capabilities, agility, ethical leadership, and management practices to enhance supply chain performance, while recognizing that integration alone may not directly translate to performance without capability development. Originality/Value. 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